超精密气体静压系统节流器法向随机微振动研究

以无气腔平面节流器为研究对象,对节流器流固耦合法向随机微振动进行了理论仿真和实验研究。受限于节流器厚度与气膜厚度尺寸的差异和输入初始边界条件,建立了节流器的COMSOL仿真简化模型,对节流器-气膜微流场进行双向流固耦合数值模拟。仿真结果表明,节流器的法向随机微振动幅值关于节流器中心对称,且由中心向边缘逐渐增大;微振动幅值随气体入口流速的增大而增大。实验采用纳米级激光测振仪,依次测量供气压力为0.1,0.2,…,0.5 MPa时尺寸为75 mm×50 mm×14 mm的HEXAGON双环联结型节流器多个不同位置的法向振动,实验结果表明,法向随机微振动幅值分布特性与仿真结果一致,关于节流器中心对称,且由中心向边缘逐渐增大,验证了节流器法向微振动的"跷跷板"振动形式;在0.5 MPa供气压力下,边缘振动幅值超过1 nm。对实验数据进行功率谱密度分析,结果表明不同供气压力下法向随机微振动均在9.4 kHz和10.6 kHz处产生较大功率,可认为与节流器-气膜流固耦合系统的固有频率有关。研究结果有效地揭示了节流器法向随机微振动的特性,为气体静压系统避开随机共振区、优化气体静压系统的设计提供了理论指导。     

基于Bootstrap方法的密封寿命可靠性评估

针对高可靠、长寿命密封件在小样本试验下的可靠性寿命评估需求,提出一种基于虚拟增广样本和Bootstrap方法的密封寿命小样本数据可靠性评估方法。并以轴用阶梯圈为例,进行寿命可靠性评估。首先通过虚拟增广法将轴用阶梯圈台架寿命试验数据样本数增广至10个,使得样本数满足Bootstrap方法的适用条件;然后再利用Bootstrap方法得到轴用阶梯圈的寿命可靠性评估结果。     

Revisiting CO2 emissions convergence in G18 countries

This study revisits whether CO₂ emissions converge in G18 countries over the period of 1950–2013. To work on this empirical analysis, we employ a more powerful quantile unit root test with per capita CO₂ emissions. While conventional unit root tests fail to reject convergence in CO₂ emissions in these G18 countries, quantile unit root test results demonstrate CO₂ emissions converged in 5 of these G18 countries (i.e., Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, and India). Our empirical results have important policy implications for the governments of G18 countries to direct efficient and effective energy policies to reduce the CO₂ emissions.     

An up to date review of continuously variable speed wind turbines with mechatronic variable transmissions

As a promising and potential alternative to conventional fixed or variable speed wind turbines, continuously variable speed wind turbines (CVSWTs) with variable transmissions offer improved power efficiency and enhanced power control capabilities. The CVSWTs can be generally achieved by adapting mechatronic variable transmissions in the turbine drive train for continuously variable speed operations for wind turbines. Therefore, this paper serves to provide an up to date and exhaustive review of the CVSWTs with mechatronic variable transmissions such as mechanical variable transmission, electrical variable transmission, and power splitting transmission. In this paper, the analysis of CVSWTs with different mechatronic transmission topologies is performed regarding basic configurations, dynamic characteristics, control principles, and experimental or simulation results. Review results indicate the feasibility of applying CVSWTs with such mechatronic transmissions and highlight superiorities of the CVSWTs with power splitting transmission. The CVSWT with power splitting transmission will be particularly suitable for megawatt‐scale turbine systems and will hence increase the economic competitiveness of these turbines due to its large power capacity and high reliability. The directions or challenges for future investigations of CVSWTs with such mechatronic transmissions are also presented to foster in‐depth understanding of such CVSWTs and their control strategies.     

Short communication: In vitro rumen gas production and starch degradation of starch-based feeds depend on mean particle size

Our objective was to model the effect of mean particle size (mPS) on in vitro rumen starch degradation (IVSD) and the kinetics of gas production for different starch-based feeds. For each feed, 2 batches of the same grains were separately processed through 2 different mills (cutter or rotor speed mills), with or without different screens to achieve a wide range of mPS (0.32 to 3.31 mm for corn meals; 0.19 to 2.81 mm for barley meals; 0.16 to 2.13 mm for wheat meals; 0.28 to 2.32 mm for oat meals; 0.21 to 2.36 mm for rye meals; 0.40 to 1.79 for sorghum meals; 0.26 to 4.71 mm for pea meals; and 0.25 to 4.53 mm for faba meals). The IVSD data and gas production kinetics, obtained by fitting to a single-pool exponential model, were analyzed using a completely randomized design, in which the main tested effect was mPS (n = 6 for all tested meals, except n = 7 for corn meals and n = 5 for sorghum meals). Rumen inocula were collected from 2 fistulated Holstein dairy cows that were fed a total mixed ration consisting of 16.2% crude protein, 28.5% starch, and 35.0% neutral detergent fiber on a dry matter basis. The IVSD, evaluated after 7 h of rumen incubation, decreased linearly with increasing mPS for corn, barley, wheat, rye, pea, and faba meals, and decreased quadratically with increasing mPS for the other meals. The y-axis intercept for 7-h IVSD was below 90% starch for corn, barley, and rye feeds and greater than 90% for the other tested feeds. The mPS adjustment factors for the rate of rumen starch degradation varied widely among the different tested feeds. We found a linear decrease in starch degradation with increasing mPS for barley, wheat, rye, and pea meals, whereas we noted a quadratic decrease in starch degradation for the other tested meals. Further, we observed a linear decrease in the rate of gas production with increasing mPS in each tested feed, except for pea meal, which had a quadratic relationship. For each 1 mm increase in mPS, the gas production was adjusted by ?0.009 h^?1 for corn, ?0.011 h^?1 for barley, ?0.008 h^?1 for wheat, and ?0.006 h^?1 for faba, whereas numerically greater adjustments were needed for oat (?0.022 h^?1), rye (?0.017 h^?1), and sorghum (?0.014 h^?1). These mPS adjustment factors could be used to modify the starch-based feed energy values as a function of mean particle size, although in vivo validation is required.     

Reduced basis method for managed pressure drilling based on a model with local nonlinearities

To circumvent restrictions of conventional drilling methods, such as slow control actions and inability to drill depleted reservoirs, a drilling method called managed pressure drilling (MPD) has been developed. In MPD, single-phase flow processes can be modeled as a feedback interconnection of a high-order linear system and a low-order nonlinear system. These nonlinearities appear locally both inside and at the boundaries of the computational domain. To obtain a fast simulation platform for real-time purposes (eg, online model-based controller implementation), model order reduction is required for MPD. However, the local nonlinearities render applying model order reduction techniques challenging. In this study, a new approach is proposed to deal with such nonlinearities within the reduced basis (RB) context and it is successfully tested on a model for MPD. Contrary to the classical RB technique, the proposed approach not only does not generate nonphysical spikes at the locations of these local nonlinearities but also yields high speedup factors. The obtained reduced-order model can be used for efficient online simulation and controller design for drilling systems with MPD.     

闭口闪点测定方法的对比分析

对我国常用的闭口闪点测定方法宾斯基-马丁闭口杯法、阿贝尔闭口杯法和泰格闭口杯法的测定原理进行对比分析，并采用这3种方法分别对2种有证标准样品、4种有机试剂样品和7种喷气燃料样品的闭口闪点进行测定。结果表明：这3种方法在适用范围、仪器结构、升温速率和点火操作要求等方面都有一定差异，导致采用这3种方法测定同一样品的闭口闪点结果略有差异，闪点测定结果之间的最大差值与样品闪点的高低呈正相关；与阿贝尔闭口杯法相比，宾斯基-马丁闭口杯法测得的闪点结果较高，对于3号喷气燃料，二者之差为0～1.0 ℃，阿贝尔闭口杯法更适合3号喷气燃料闭口闪点的测定；对于纯有机试剂样品，阿贝尔闭口杯法和宾斯基-马丁闭口杯法测得的闪点结果呈现较好的线性关系。     

不同煤层掘进工作面瞬变电磁法探测应用研究

煤矿井下瞬变电磁法成为煤矿井下超前探测工作的重要手段，在矿井水害预测预报上发挥着很大的作用。随着矿井上组煤层资源的逐渐枯竭，煤矿开采资源逐渐延伸向下组煤层。同一井田范围内同煤层及其顶底板的岩性特征一般相差不大，瞬变电磁法在同煤层施工过程中接收到的物理背景场较为接近；而不同煤层及其顶底板岩性特征通常会有较大的差别，瞬变电磁法在不同煤层施工过程中会接收到差别较大的物理背景场。当矿井存在多煤层开采时，通过大量数据研究瞬变电磁法在不同煤层巷道探测中的响应特征规律，分析并掌握不同煤层条件对瞬变电磁法探测结果的影响，能够提高瞬变电磁法在多煤层探测成果的准确性。     

综采工作面活性磁化水防尘技术研究

煤矿生产是环境较为封闭的井下作业，具有一定的特殊性，作业空间湿度高、生产环境复杂，其中粉尘是危害最大的因素之一，会对机器和人体造成不同程度的损害。粉尘的危害主要由两方面决定:煤尘能够燃烧，在浓度较高时还会爆炸；粉尘会危害人的身体健康。以平煤股份十矿-320 m水平己四采区东翼下段的己_15-16-24130工作面为研究对象，研究磁化水除尘的方法及原理，通过对比分析优选出活性磁化水添加剂，在该工作面试验后具有良好的除尘效果，大大增加了可见度、降低了空气中悬浮的煤尘。研究对该矿井其他工作面除尘工作具有指导意义。     

纳米Co/rGO磁性复合吸附材料的制备及对Cu2+的吸附性能

以改进Hummer法制备的薄片状氧化石墨烯(GO)为载体和模板负载钴离子，然后采用原位还原法制得纳米金属Co/石墨烯磁性复合吸附材料(Co/rGO)，并将其应用于对Cu2+的吸附和脱除，以期为高效可复用的铜离子脱除剂的合成与应用提供指导。实验结果证实，Co/rGO复合材料具有超顺磁性，能够很方便的使用磁铁进行分离并在无磁场情况下振荡分散。Co/rGO复合材料对Cu2+具有稳定的吸附/脱附性能，实验条件下对Cu2+的最大吸附容量达到117.5 mg/g且5 min内实现吸附平衡，远优于其原料GO的60 min吸附容量27.6 mg/g。本工作系统考察了NaOH加入量、络合剂种类、溶剂种类等关键因素对Co粒子在rGO载体上形貌和分布特性的影响，比较了不同合成条件下的复合材料对Cu2+吸附效果的影响，并对优选条件下制备的Co/rGO复合材料进行了FT-IR, XRD, SEM表征。研究结果表明，纳米Co/rGO磁性材料对Cu2+的吸附过程更符合Freundlich模型，属于多层吸附。室温下吸附焓ΔH=17.81 kJ/mol，吸附反应平衡常数Kθ=3.65。当初始Cu2+浓度为39.22 mg/L时，对Cu2+的吸附率为93.47%，五次吸附/脱附循环后吸附容量仍保持在初始值的94%，每次吸附后溶液中残余Cu2+浓度均满足钴电解液对杂质铜离子的浓度去除要求(5 mg/L)或GB 8978-1996污水综合排放标准3级(2 mg/L)，有望在相关领域发挥作用。